Dataweaz

upwork.com

Summary

Registrar
MarkMonitor Inc.
Status
clientDeleteProhibited
Created on
January 30, 2002
Expires on
January 30, 2028
Name servers
jim.ns.cloudflare.com, fay.ns.cloudflare.com
Mail servers
aspmx.l.google.com, alt2.aspmx.l.google.com, alt1.aspmx.l.google.com, aspmx3.googlemail.com
DMARC
Reject
SPF
Soft

Spoofing protection (DMARC)

Reject

E-mails spoofing this domain are rejected.

DMARC tells mail servers what to do with an e-mail that claims to come from upwork.com but fails SPF and DKIM checks.

Policy
Reject
Subdomain policy
Reject
Messages covered
100%
DKIM alignment
Relaxed
SPF alignment
Relaxed
Aggregate reports
[email protected]
Failure reports
—

Record

v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:[email protected]

Authorized senders (SPF)

Soft

E-mails sent by any other server are accepted but flagged as suspicious.

SPF lists the servers allowed to send e-mails for upwork.com.

RuleValueResult
includeupwork.com._nspf.vali.emailAllowed
include%{i}._ip.%{h}._ehlo.%{d}._spf.vali.emailAllowed
includemail.clinchtalent.comAllowed
includespf.mandrillapp.comAllowed
includesendgrid.netAllowed
all—Suspicious

Top-level DNS lookups: 5 of 10 allowed

Record

v=spf1 include:upwork.com._nspf.vali.email include:%{i}._ip.%{h}._ehlo.%{d}._spf.vali.email include:mail.clinchtalent.com include:spf.mandrillapp.com include:sendgrid.net ~all

E-mail signing (DKIM)

DKIM keys published by upwork.com under the most common selectors. Other keys may exist under selectors specific to each sending service.

SelectorLikely serviceKeyStatus
googleGoogle WorkspaceRSA 2048 bitsActive
k1MailchimpRSA 1024 bits · shortActive
k2MailchimpRSA 2048 bitsActive
k3MailchimpRSA 2048 bitsActive
mandrillMandrillRSA 1024 bits · shortActive
zendesk1ZendeskRSA 2048 bitsActive
zendesk2ZendeskRSA 2048 bitsActive

RSA keys shorter than 2048 bits, called short keys, are discouraged: they are easier to break.

MX, SPF, DKIM and DMARC: the e-mail records

Four DNS records make a domain's e-mail work. MX says where e-mails sent to upwork.com arrive; SPF, DKIM and DMARC let mail servers check that an e-mail claiming to come from upwork.com was really sent by this domain, which protects it against spoofing.

MX

An MX (Mail Exchanger) record designates a server that receives e-mails sent to the domain. When someone writes to an @upwork.com address, their mail server queries the DNS for the domain's MX records, then delivers the message to the server they point to.

Example record

upwork.com  MX  10 mx1.upwork.com.
upwork.com  MX  20 mx2.upwork.com.

What the record contains

10, 20
Priority: the server with the lowest number is tried first. Servers with equal priority share the load.
mx1.upwork.com.
Host name of the mail server. It must point to an A or AAAA record: an IP address or an alias (CNAME) is not allowed here.
0 .
An MX "0 .", called a null MX, declares that the domain accepts no e-mail: sending servers give up at once instead of retrying.

Declaring at least two servers with different priorities avoids losing e-mails during an outage: sending servers retry for several days and fall back on the backup server. Without any MX, they try to deliver directly to the IP address of the domain.

SPF

SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is a TXT record listing the servers allowed to send e-mails on behalf of the domain. The receiving server checks that the sender is on this list. The final "all" rule says what to do with other servers: reject them (-all), flag their e-mails as suspicious (~all) or make no decision (?all).

Example record

upwork.com  TXT  "v=spf1 mx include:_spf.google.com ip4:192.0.2.10 -all"

What the record contains

v=spf1
Identifies the record as an SPF policy. It must come first.
ip4, ip6
Allows a specific IP address or an address range, for example ip4:192.0.2.0/24.
a, mx
Allows the addresses of the domain itself (A record) or those of its mail servers (MX).
include
Allows the servers of another domain, usually a sending service: include:_spf.google.com for Google Workspace.
-all, ~all
Final rule, applied to every other server. Its qualifier decides what happens to them: - rejects them, ~ flags their e-mails as suspicious, ? makes no decision, + accepts them (avoid it).

A domain must publish only one SPF record, and its evaluation cannot exceed 10 DNS lookups (include, a, mx, exists, redirect). Beyond that, mail servers treat it as invalid.

DKIM

DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) signs every outgoing e-mail with a private key. The matching public key is published in a TXT record at selector._domainkey.upwork.com, so the recipient can check that the message really comes from the domain and was not altered on the way. The selector is chosen by each sending service and cannot be guessed: Dataweaz checks the most common ones (Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Mailchimp, SendGrid…), so a key published under another selector may exist without appearing here.

Example record

google._domainkey.upwork.com  TXT  "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA…"

What the record contains

v=DKIM1
Protocol version. Optional but recommended, in which case it must come first.
k
Key algorithm: rsa, the most common, or ed25519.
p
Public key, base64-encoded. An empty value means the key has been revoked.
t
Flags: y marks a key in testing, whose failures must not be penalized; s forbids its use for subdomains.

Each sending service publishes its key under its own selector (google, selector1, k1…), which allows several keys and seamless rotation. A 2048-bit RSA key is recommended today.

DMARC

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance) builds on SPF and DKIM. Published on _dmarc.upwork.com, it tells mail servers what to do with an e-mail that fails these checks (let it through, send it to spam or reject it) and where to send reports.

Example record

_dmarc.upwork.com  TXT  "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:[email protected]; adkim=r; aspf=r"

What the record contains

v=DMARC1
Identifies the record as a DMARC policy. It must come first.
p
Policy applied to e-mails that fail the checks: none (monitoring only), quarantine (spam folder) or reject.
sp
Subdomain policy. Without it, subdomains follow the domain's policy.
rua
Address that receives daily aggregate reports about e-mails sent on behalf of the domain, whether they pass the checks or not.
ruf
Address that receives detailed failure reports, message by message. Few providers still send them.
pct
Percentage of e-mails subject to the policy, for a gradual rollout. 100 by default.
adkim, aspf
DKIM and SPF alignment: r (relaxed, a subdomain of the same domain is enough) or s (strict, the domain must be identical).

To roll out DMARC without blocking legitimate e-mails, start with p=none and an rua address, analyze the reports to find every service sending on behalf of the domain, then move to quarantine and finally to reject.

DNS records of upwork.com

IP addresses (A and AAAA)

An A record maps the domain name to an IPv4 address: the address of the server that browsers contact to display the website. The AAAA record does the same for an IPv6 address. A domain can have several of them to spread visits across several servers.

Name servers (NS)

NS records designate the authoritative DNS servers of the domain: they answer every question about its other records (A, MX, TXT…). They are provided by the registrar, the hosting provider or a dedicated DNS service, and several servers are declared so that the domain keeps working if one of them fails.

ServerIP address
jim.ns.cloudflare.com172.64.33.125
fay.ns.cloudflare.com108.162.192.115

Mail servers (MX)

MX records point to the servers that receive e-mails sent to the domain, that is to @upwork.com addresses. Each server has a priority: the one with the lowest number is tried first, the others take over if it fails. Without an MX record, the domain cannot receive e-mails.

PriorityServerIP address
1aspmx.l.google.com64.233.166.27
5alt2.aspmx.l.google.com142.251.127.26
5alt1.aspmx.l.google.com192.178.213.26
10aspmx3.googlemail.com142.251.127.27

TXT records

TXT records hold free text. They are used to prove ownership of the domain to online services (Google, Microsoft, Facebook…) and to publish e-mail security rules: SPF on the domain itself, DMARC on _dmarc.upwork.com.

NameContent
upwork.comfacebook-domain-verification=8nwzxhaovba8tj7d2ldml1bhssa1pm
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=-LgXVF8adhy30B1kiNabPgT-Pymy3WZOOvfGFgp6XGE
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=3jXROOXzwXZqaI-z95yNNpu9L8mSRW3Jd5VCpjVOxwk
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=4g4BiPppYs75ob9yO422K5BqFPttTmPK_fmNtaopAI8
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=4p2pqAQ0yiDL2lc81zb89ZA-Wt6u9uBY25QEMjp-b4s
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=BkuVDFrIY09DX823uWROsYHLrLeCUKJ366m1k4AmoT4
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=LSicnKkde4b1FmPqfr0FX6l7R4VvjAxTVzZP0sebXKk
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=MFfOuTSDuMVfAuZmNHfYJA16r0P_BeZX5F60NQnSHNA
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=MK7qfjAI4BOyhzOcaFe2WjFleaX2gKcUUu6VKf5X-qE
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=PkziJTcGbOV4cv301PZ8KfBzni-MN_cB3J4ngmLA9Ps
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=f3f7WfTf8cecTKAI3cwfnA-cmQP1WlyDMfzuzG6BB-8
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=hJI07_9hhjkWQFySSiVg5v3vNIpZBMwOkA1Il7-tCMY
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=sD8rL1N3j5vS_miQGy_NwdmJHTmFUU42SDhYa4rdQ84
upwork.comgoogle-site-verification=zTEmbU71ZrIPR7JRRlWSGiQurNYft76eEdSdP6aAQkQ
upwork.comhcp-domain-verification=b36955e77a08570a83deddbbdfa15fe1894a5c747597bc9941fc15f6f6bf22aa
upwork.comjamf-site-verification=GjhSBwax0Pxacxf38XbNHw
upwork.comlinear-domain-verification=z536v5rd3xih
upwork.comliveramp-site-verification=qn4k0EIcwgkwW6N80DcWp-G_gQeo9SCk4fdGh21URyw
upwork.comlogmein-domain-confirmation 2141230743
upwork.commiro-verification=6a8362f817d4ea530843a04d46c6418e011c951d
upwork.commixpanel-domain-verify=2a906114-e222-4323-bbd7-0a671f9d90ee
upwork.commongodb-site-verification=xc3WGhQz20Yw7Lm6yMoC6L4b5gf08icW
upwork.comnlmdbpv52ts89j835vzt3c71d201hqk5
upwork.comopenai-domain-verification=dv-0pTGTkARXsArFAKKZwc6Fzbl
upwork.compaloaltonetworks-site-verification=e10a924e19c474e2b83aa85600a8d52fb39615b7834f93971c13687f13e8d326
upwork.comps-cd-verification=be936a2f-9fea-49db-bedc-97002122581d
upwork.comsjlh98brgm4j879mz0km0f9kz0s61mf8
upwork.comstripe-verification=E9104449B2742089788253DB69E0E9C226D3F54E519514A3698526A4594B7D62
upwork.comv=spf1 include:upwork.com._nspf.vali.email include:%{i}._ip.%{h}._ehlo.%{d}._spf.vali.email include:mail.clinchtalent.com include:spf.mandrillapp.com include:sendgrid.net ~all
upwork.comzapier-domain-verification-challenge=0ab7c0ae-a354-49d6-9012-16a12e53b121
upwork.com16359333
upwork.comDynatrace-site-verification=10887f73-4311-4a4b-83e3-312614aeb532__h68in82ubsmc8a7c1j8g0e6v6d
upwork.comMS=6100C439A4691C31E2EC1342F09C3607B3B64DAC
upwork.comMS=ms47394909
upwork.com_6lgpbootvod9h9mgfdn7efsdz52nzx0
upwork.com_gxokjwki7xqlmqjp3mp918p6j6w1peg
upwork.com_vmdb9wrav5ukmzhtyzh5cps8gs2zooy
upwork.comadobe-idp-site-verification=45e831bcd7ad9667a0be62ad1db9971caa65d4c68af84b32f30ca18dd29d6bac
upwork.comanthropic-domain-verification-a50qdm=eDDAJvU3hKqefx59gXmsODCgG
upwork.comasv=54832828144bb4ff89f152511204f3e2
upwork.comasv=a52d93b02babfa60a71bdd4128a06b39
upwork.combugcrowd-verification=dae371187bf32cac11a23664ea291f6c
upwork.com[email protected]
upwork.comcursor-domain-verification-z00fy8=8sg38uSSHGnTzRvM2sEDPoIl3
upwork.comdocker-verification=ccc1198a-92ef-4bca-8e5c-896b7c508065
upwork.comdocusign=277af459-13d2-4b85-bb45-53efc4b671f6
_dmarc.upwork.comv=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:[email protected]
google._domainkey.upwork.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs1qc/+Xy1rcfB+gYRMQHlhBf90dQ+hEPXKOJdpCBhV/MNxq9Y7w2c8YQf9lc1urlNRiiCHi3wFHvZxh12ahu1ZLb91H/e2fpa4S4CPtq+o48WOgK+4OFHcYLaL9wg+kmMcH5OHDCGdKYufK5CRUZ0krj0xptJeDzqQ7Vk4yqKbQviWmDmB/8wmFioJjVZjnNK2b/LkJ/IOhh5nRbKeRBOvFPOWFILr3Pbuh5Ve5CdnAjjVsNkjLqQhMVCTGyDum9fvAc5R+czBIS3pY07ZrNZ0VhEla6IWUCfW4DNOE85+Ojk/P/d66dP6kHoqZNS/vzt3xCG4JHM/kqlpZcHptLVQIDAQAB
k1._domainkey.upwork.comk=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDbNrX2cY/GUKIFx2G/1I00ftdAj713WP9AQ1xir85i89sA2guU0ta4UX1Xzm06XIU6iBP41VwmPwBGRNofhBVR+e6WHUoNyIR4Bn84LVcfZE20rmDeXQblIupNWBqLXM1Q+VieI/eZu/7k9/vOkLSaQQdml4Cv8lb3PcnluMVIhQIDAQAB;
k2._domainkey.upwork.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAv2aC2KjGKLOwTweBY5A9RpjsxaBXR9r7OAU6U8/zn92ivImI75naUujWbItRI/QmL1jy5PWGqLwoUA0b90ObWaLDc+i9MtTNmGeWO009hr20fIxhGg6XBT2kjZ1DTThopSe1nAndsupmcBwlQ5Q6LJ+ZAxLcujnPIxM0ZBLmgpkv8u6RfY4eFP8OLvdAW3oSuB0DyLDigQX4Sj8wBO4YIdQH6AAmBeOsidsKAFNFUCpc3vCxtBDR12U+cBg724l3sBkMQ8evnz6idnqxq9QAVYh8k4kJ+RP+6cqTdy7LjIm8xY/bQNpQIpGUAuDo2DjLcCDun9DAI4Q/3z+Q0o9QuQIDAQAB;
k3._domainkey.upwork.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAsYGiMSn7fsUqSvfSX40x9R1OlRtbNiCY80lHRIlcKx3XDIR7257aUx+q9CSIARdfTL6KCuLGNFx5g9TgVr6png4ajcieSQGtOehBgxnkDN8aAA5TX0FmFrcefJU0JoxLOF09EKgXxhSSHCk/ekVb0PXSboHXoZ9+EI404F1qhcwXXIgHXTaUthHTut2P6BBZhIXIgvDe/w49GchR7MRJqjNb7neEBbYHbgWuBTvvHCg7Gy6m6n9krYK+ROWq3dVvXy9plAGK3ygM+HtjIiMt7arRGMOF0WgDTz7YdN9BGpt6BvXxLnjiQcgS5T9n+cIyPZgiWzDMXNlaEEdKTEKxrwIDAQAB;
mandrill._domainkey.upwork.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCrLHiExVd55zd/IQ/J/mRwSRMAocV/hMB3jXwaHH36d9NaVynQFYV8NaWi69c1veUtRzGt7yAioXqLj7Z4TeEUoOLgrKsn8YnckGs9i3B3tVFB+Ch/4mPhXWiNfNdynHWBcPcbJ8kjEQ2U8y78dHZj1YeRXXVvWob2OaKynO8/lQIDAQAB
zendesk1._domainkey.upwork.comv=DKIM1;t=s;n=core;k=rsa;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA9IqdLrO3Zr2/56MHt8oQVCQorP0Bl2Fz9sM2tFBnJCdB/HogQmuudEg2xAovCN2PYpw44UijIvPuBoT9vxiv6ZCBJTLJXa82r6ke5rE4tbe9NKFIrVIb9S306cJDrnKFMDb8p0dU/Su0+eUR5gVAOtCuz2L8HAzs5edvsEvD/Fb4ny1RLNSEPZkIQLfGhVxQeWANm3+1Jwb/OBVXV9k0nKpWrpgqcmO7NzroJirp014RQY7rGi60JLUubc6XhvoFQBQrtOAdVlZC5wvfS1bgpq5kQpdP7cajIqWCeqxPTeo0ZUpey2ZcaygEsZz0Z3Gs5wDzyuqd7/ADpr2jNF7ozwIDAQAB
zendesk2._domainkey.upwork.comv=DKIM1; t=s; n=core; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmiSFNkgXrO3I8aOaPONDZWHv027rkiGIwb838OyXPgvFDEkCV/qGcdXSjZnaVAadrTm/oKnL8WOltP9zB1FLEuKt0fTi5zRyKPE4oIYCnEzXwrGqzjUcCABQBawQVqvXjDOaYh9Lhp8W5PYOLo905vRW7ipyIMDhuzBOJls91/WWXnNK0OwP3RghiisZjA3K2KqtRwf7w6GjNeNuAMNhvcmgAN15d/mhK+dev/hcRbal66RoYyTD8c0F0isahWH0envEX8aj+SBhheNk0/U37dGE+4nFaY5yP9CUlYjFKDSIKZgHzG4Hci3t/RubU58pi6BCrQQdAFvIOeDFeCZ0ywIDAQAB

Related IP addresses

IPv4 addresses used by upwork.com: website, name servers, mail servers and senders authorized by SPF.

IP addressUsed for/24 block
104.18.128.226Website104.18.128.0/24
104.18.129.226Website104.18.129.0/24
172.64.33.125Name server jim.ns.cloudflare.com172.64.33.0/24
108.162.192.115Name server fay.ns.cloudflare.com108.162.192.0/24
64.233.166.27Mail server aspmx.l.google.com64.233.166.0/24
142.251.127.26Mail server alt2.aspmx.l.google.com142.251.127.0/24
192.178.213.26Mail server alt1.aspmx.l.google.com192.178.213.0/24
142.251.127.27Mail server aspmx3.googlemail.com142.251.127.0/24

WHOIS of the domain upwork.com

Domain Name: UPWORK.COM
   Registry Domain ID: 83168418_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
   Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.markmonitor.com
   Registrar URL: http://www.markmonitor.com
   Updated Date: 2025-12-29T09:05:35Z
   Creation Date: 2002-01-30T13:10:35Z
   Registry Expiry Date: 2028-01-30T13:10:35Z
   Registrar: MarkMonitor Inc.
   Registrar IANA ID: 292
   Registrar Abuse Contact Email: [email protected]
   Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.2086851750
   Domain Status: clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited
   Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
   Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited
   Domain Status: serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited
   Domain Status: serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited
   Domain Status: serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited
   Name Server: FAY.NS.CLOUDFLARE.COM
   Name Server: JIM.NS.CLOUDFLARE.COM
   DNSSEC: unsigned
   URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2026-10-02T21:58:58Z <<<

For more information on Whois status codes, please visit https://icann.org/epp

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