Dataweaz

umich.edu

Summary

Registrar
—
Status
Created on
October 7, 1985
Expires on
July 31, 2027
Name servers
dns4.umich.org, dns2.itd.umich.edu, dns1.itd.umich.edu, dns3.umich.org
Mail servers
mx2.a.mail.umich.edu, mx1.a.mail.umich.edu
DMARC
Monitoring
SPF
Delegated
DKIM
7 keys found
Website
See the website

Spoofing protection (DMARC)

Monitoring

E-mails spoofing this domain are only reported, not blocked.

DMARC tells mail servers what to do with an e-mail that claims to come from umich.edu but fails SPF and DKIM checks.

Policy
Monitoring
Subdomain policy
Monitoring
Messages covered
100%
DKIM alignment
Relaxed
SPF alignment
Relaxed
Aggregate reports
[email protected]
Failure reports
—

Record

v=DMARC1;p=none;pct=100;rua=mailto:[email protected]

Authorized senders (SPF)

Delegated

The policy is defined by the domain _spf.mail.umich.edu (redirect).

SPF lists the servers allowed to send e-mails for umich.edu.

RuleValueResult
redirect_spf.mail.umich.edu—

Top-level DNS lookups: 1 of 10 allowed

Record

v=spf1 redirect=_spf.mail.umich.edu

E-mail signing (DKIM)

DKIM keys published by umich.edu under the most common selectors. Other keys may exist under selectors specific to each sending service.

SelectorLikely serviceKeyStatus
k1MailchimpRSA 1024 bits · shortActive
k2MailchimpRSA 2048 bitsActive
k3MailchimpRSA 2048 bitsActive
mandrillMandrillRSA 1024 bits · shortActive
s1SendGridRSA 2048 bitsActive
s2SendGridRSA 1024 bits · shortActive
mail—RSA 1024 bits · shortActive

RSA keys shorter than 2048 bits, called short keys, are discouraged: they are easier to break.

MX, SPF, DKIM and DMARC: the e-mail records

Four DNS records make a domain's e-mail work. MX says where e-mails sent to umich.edu arrive; SPF, DKIM and DMARC let mail servers check that an e-mail claiming to come from umich.edu was really sent by this domain, which protects it against spoofing.

MX

An MX (Mail Exchanger) record designates a server that receives e-mails sent to the domain. When someone writes to an @umich.edu address, their mail server queries the DNS for the domain's MX records, then delivers the message to the server they point to.

Example record

umich.edu  MX  10 mx1.umich.edu.
umich.edu  MX  20 mx2.umich.edu.

What the record contains

10, 20
Priority: the server with the lowest number is tried first. Servers with equal priority share the load.
mx1.umich.edu.
Host name of the mail server. It must point to an A or AAAA record: an IP address or an alias (CNAME) is not allowed here.
0 .
An MX "0 .", called a null MX, declares that the domain accepts no e-mail: sending servers give up at once instead of retrying.

Declaring at least two servers with different priorities avoids losing e-mails during an outage: sending servers retry for several days and fall back on the backup server. Without any MX, they try to deliver directly to the IP address of the domain.

SPF

SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is a TXT record listing the servers allowed to send e-mails on behalf of the domain. The receiving server checks that the sender is on this list. The final "all" rule says what to do with other servers: reject them (-all), flag their e-mails as suspicious (~all) or make no decision (?all).

Example record

umich.edu  TXT  "v=spf1 mx include:_spf.google.com ip4:192.0.2.10 -all"

What the record contains

v=spf1
Identifies the record as an SPF policy. It must come first.
ip4, ip6
Allows a specific IP address or an address range, for example ip4:192.0.2.0/24.
a, mx
Allows the addresses of the domain itself (A record) or those of its mail servers (MX).
include
Allows the servers of another domain, usually a sending service: include:_spf.google.com for Google Workspace.
-all, ~all
Final rule, applied to every other server. Its qualifier decides what happens to them: - rejects them, ~ flags their e-mails as suspicious, ? makes no decision, + accepts them (avoid it).

A domain must publish only one SPF record, and its evaluation cannot exceed 10 DNS lookups (include, a, mx, exists, redirect). Beyond that, mail servers treat it as invalid.

DKIM

DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) signs every outgoing e-mail with a private key. The matching public key is published in a TXT record at selector._domainkey.umich.edu, so the recipient can check that the message really comes from the domain and was not altered on the way. The selector is chosen by each sending service and cannot be guessed: Dataweaz checks the most common ones (Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Mailchimp, SendGrid…), so a key published under another selector may exist without appearing here.

Example record

google._domainkey.umich.edu  TXT  "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA…"

What the record contains

v=DKIM1
Protocol version. Optional but recommended, in which case it must come first.
k
Key algorithm: rsa, the most common, or ed25519.
p
Public key, base64-encoded. An empty value means the key has been revoked.
t
Flags: y marks a key in testing, whose failures must not be penalized; s forbids its use for subdomains.

Each sending service publishes its key under its own selector (google, selector1, k1…), which allows several keys and seamless rotation. A 2048-bit RSA key is recommended today.

DMARC

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance) builds on SPF and DKIM. Published on _dmarc.umich.edu, it tells mail servers what to do with an e-mail that fails these checks (let it through, send it to spam or reject it) and where to send reports.

Example record

_dmarc.umich.edu  TXT  "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:[email protected]; adkim=r; aspf=r"

What the record contains

v=DMARC1
Identifies the record as a DMARC policy. It must come first.
p
Policy applied to e-mails that fail the checks: none (monitoring only), quarantine (spam folder) or reject.
sp
Subdomain policy. Without it, subdomains follow the domain's policy.
rua
Address that receives daily aggregate reports about e-mails sent on behalf of the domain, whether they pass the checks or not.
ruf
Address that receives detailed failure reports, message by message. Few providers still send them.
pct
Percentage of e-mails subject to the policy, for a gradual rollout. 100 by default.
adkim, aspf
DKIM and SPF alignment: r (relaxed, a subdomain of the same domain is enough) or s (strict, the domain must be identical).

To roll out DMARC without blocking legitimate e-mails, start with p=none and an rua address, analyze the reports to find every service sending on behalf of the domain, then move to quarantine and finally to reject.

DNS records of umich.edu

IP addresses (A and AAAA)

An A record maps the domain name to an IPv4 address: the address of the server that browsers contact to display the website. The AAAA record does the same for an IPv6 address. A domain can have several of them to spread visits across several servers.

TypeIP address
A162.159.140.37
A172.66.0.37
AAAA2a06:98c1:58::25
AAAA2606:4700:7::25

Name servers (NS)

NS records designate the authoritative DNS servers of the domain: they answer every question about its other records (A, MX, TXT…). They are provided by the registrar, the hosting provider or a dedicated DNS service, and several servers are declared so that the domain keeps working if one of them fails.

ServerIP address
dns4.umich.org3.224.111.90
dns2.itd.umich.edu192.12.80.222
dns1.itd.umich.edu192.12.80.214
dns3.umich.org18.233.1.143

Mail servers (MX)

MX records point to the servers that receive e-mails sent to the domain, that is to @umich.edu addresses. Each server has a priority: the one with the lowest number is tried first, the others take over if it fails. Without an MX record, the domain cannot receive e-mails.

PriorityServerIP address
0mx2.a.mail.umich.edu3.20.94.70
0mx1.a.mail.umich.edu44.228.1.186

TXT records

TXT records hold free text. They are used to prove ownership of the domain to online services (Google, Microsoft, Facebook…) and to publish e-mail security rules: SPF on the domain itself, DMARC on _dmarc.umich.edu.

NameContent
umich.edusmartsheet-site-validation=oY0nb96C6xG5_loWLLzVF04btLiZQow5
umich.eduatlassian-sending-domain-verification=64ae59ad-0030-417d-9da0-02203860823b
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=oLGMsCZznEy3f0Wxww-5I9AF0m30h9m6Oqi3gclG9nY
umich.edums-domain-verification=806e6295-0316-4573-bdf1-125913e12997
umich.eduwpe-verification=readinqwrite
umich.edue2ma-verification=4o6
umich.eduZOOM_verify_nGh39JkJQSOoOFRUjwPmjA
umich.edudropbox-domain-verification=xibtqs96gswn
umich.eduasv=3409cea16f931a90453c4c4e1fcadf99
umich.eduv=spf1 redirect=_spf.mail.umich.edu
umich.edubrevo-code:916190a5216b565989a619ded37b86f7
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=139Z5IVFcA9BZBRUlFv0cgAzAC4yLg8VWpmIcOPNqgM
umich.edud365mktkey=74u3ef6g3xjf80kvbz3v70bwb
umich.edue2ma-verification=sk8fb
umich.eduvmware-cloud-verification-0612e704-564b-4c09-a310-5c66291ba4ab
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=mEb2ZEP3MoTTKDdiDTgoLUkRr5ycOhriZurxfxMYdCM
umich.edue2ma-verification=nuhgb
umich.eduatlassian-domain-verification=aOp85M18PqRt/5EUYxQey4nzX1W9HysNJrHZYX8vmb0Eu2k9t25awn2J5a/sZXz8
umich.edue2ma-verification=zsz
umich.edue2ma-verification=exibb
umich.eduasv=a7593c4cc71712a01968795279d22556
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=ePeJieY3ub5dyqoCqCMxcb00j5MqHIOfff7ev8gvp5M
umich.edumiro-verification=701abed028a466315e4e96a7c16e0ae7b964447f
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=wlYuEbd-YP88QiCM4sz9RHQXkSlspXVdipF-EApRWLw
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=Vrq1UHkE6hvICU5PcYAEn-9eY2fAazHkfH_-UprlcDQ
umich.eduSFMC-OQN3tnmPOSz-fGaE5by31y_6Ub4VviyOxT1e3RMt
umich.eduSFMC-5lBIbO82RjFqIQn4tMyyKF3OpLINBTpPQjs6oLJu
umich.edud365mktkey=V4QCbGNWEzxRcvUOEjaSIlUlkEvJCfVPxdCjV7uSNxIx
umich.eduasv=063783b9e2e7b71b1519995753900010
umich.eduiContact1258624
umich.edubrevo-code:8a9b8c8b911006e247c943c7490896e5
umich.edudropbox-domain-verification=a5yb6qz6602l
umich.edubrevo-code:6a1b5714c794582638a3c22137ee387e
umich.edue2ma-verification=bbueb
umich.eduapple-domain-verification=QcSjbo9Nu9vbTHeW
umich.edubrevo-code:3adf9f193073a2e465f1178a8226f655
umich.edujamf-site-verification=81Baq4qavxoOLkx1VulB7w
umich.edue2ma-verification=7a9eb
umich.edue2ma-verification=3c9eb
umich.edumailerlite-domain-verification=4c9bd8e9bcc9532050d764926d28a7b0837605a3
umich.edud365mktkey=733lw7ffo31ti7ozxout3x5l3
umich.edue2ma-verification=nslgb
umich.edufacebook-domain-verification=earrkog9l7y87qxotg01na6vp90ob6
umich.edue2ma-verification=m3pgb
umich.eduautodesk-domain-verification=x-5-4PZ_F2G_bBj_BVsU
umich.edubrevo-code:247d3d78ed9e663c50b0a12efce3b095
umich.edubrevo-code:27c34e1b5038f713e91b18edc091f7d3
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=L00w8kdtX1yuVhzX8BrAZcAkJlYZ47T7f9sXnygWI78
umich.eduatlassian-domain-verification=BJherM6FKfh9Y50Eyv/P7vk1rHJVssQEspD7zXqN8IbUzbCsgAAD/UEk74sYe6kB"
umich.educlio-domain-verification=d226c9cd0c93c18ee9f815f8f685b890
umich.edue2ma-verification=u60eb
umich.edubrevo-code:66f1aea179b9dac1e341bc96730a0903
umich.edubrevo-code:6a22fe2075c7836824d65669a2b8d509
umich.edue2ma-verification=460eb
umich.eduverified-for-netlify=123201_umich_virtual_tour_project
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=P8BwxmavP7AqtCMjn4NWvFtyZWrP4-JA92e09PiKUTU
umich.eduatlassian-sending-domain-verification=db703b44-8548-4108-894a-1cf49c66b2dd
umich.eduMS=ms49510218
umich.edu3E5EAAB878F9B1DEC7BF6A4882682718
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=b3J-sqZ0hI_gOlJLW3djTVXFHJYYKE_ojG38_5QJYLM
umich.edugoogle-site-verification=xUO8BnEbTYcXYAAYFj4R1B_gXSBGJGT4el26p0w1RZ4
umich.edue2ma-verification=1y0cb
_dmarc.umich.eduv=DMARC1;p=none;pct=100;rua=mailto:[email protected]
k1._domainkey.umich.eduk=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDbNrX2cY/GUKIFx2G/1I00ftdAj713WP9AQ1xir85i89sA2guU0ta4UX1Xzm06XIU6iBP41VwmPwBGRNofhBVR+e6WHUoNyIR4Bn84LVcfZE20rmDeXQblIupNWBqLXM1Q+VieI/eZu/7k9/vOkLSaQQdml4Cv8lb3PcnluMVIhQIDAQAB;
k2._domainkey.umich.eduv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAv2aC2KjGKLOwTweBY5A9RpjsxaBXR9r7OAU6U8/zn92ivImI75naUujWbItRI/QmL1jy5PWGqLwoUA0b90ObWaLDc+i9MtTNmGeWO009hr20fIxhGg6XBT2kjZ1DTThopSe1nAndsupmcBwlQ5Q6LJ+ZAxLcujnPIxM0ZBLmgpkv8u6RfY4eFP8OLvdAW3oSuB0DyLDigQX4Sj8wBO4YIdQH6AAmBeOsidsKAFNFUCpc3vCxtBDR12U+cBg724l3sBkMQ8evnz6idnqxq9QAVYh8k4kJ+RP+6cqTdy7LjIm8xY/bQNpQIpGUAuDo2DjLcCDun9DAI4Q/3z+Q0o9QuQIDAQAB;
k3._domainkey.umich.eduv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAsYGiMSn7fsUqSvfSX40x9R1OlRtbNiCY80lHRIlcKx3XDIR7257aUx+q9CSIARdfTL6KCuLGNFx5g9TgVr6png4ajcieSQGtOehBgxnkDN8aAA5TX0FmFrcefJU0JoxLOF09EKgXxhSSHCk/ekVb0PXSboHXoZ9+EI404F1qhcwXXIgHXTaUthHTut2P6BBZhIXIgvDe/w49GchR7MRJqjNb7neEBbYHbgWuBTvvHCg7Gy6m6n9krYK+ROWq3dVvXy9plAGK3ygM+HtjIiMt7arRGMOF0WgDTz7YdN9BGpt6BvXxLnjiQcgS5T9n+cIyPZgiWzDMXNlaEEdKTEKxrwIDAQAB;
mandrill._domainkey.umich.eduv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCrLHiExVd55zd/IQ/J/mRwSRMAocV/hMB3jXwaHH36d9NaVynQFYV8NaWi69c1veUtRzGt7yAioXqLj7Z4TeEUoOLgrKsn8YnckGs9i3B3tVFB+Ch/4mPhXWiNfNdynHWBcPcbJ8kjEQ2U8y78dHZj1YeRXXVvWob2OaKynO8/lQIDAQAB;
s1._domainkey.umich.eduk=rsa; t=s; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1CJ6+q+N264DhEGxi92ISXCkZT+f06yc1eGBSwtRDqew9YFF9HoanGe8uEoPsUZhxP7dIIxktbM+/k4CnSgowyP+a82oMp/IzNueGSmN/mBD+v2NzYGctHBAQirflHsXncWhyW1vIJwB5YUoxqNHIGn+fI0EDyGl9bxBdP6CCaSUumGF3o95CWKuQa8N7LSikzVjNTBs1MQ0zIzUaDtP8Oejbai3x+Gallld+4jL9PkBIzzsH7tt1XjWSBcKVUBSjwBvkdohwdLHreNxHkV1wtmvhDzbnf5RSsd9i9wYYzzgmb8pJ/w58YyaEpVMieV5mgxFjD3x8mXUICC3e3dEBwIDAQAB
s2._domainkey.umich.eduk=rsa; t=s; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDTUzQVpQ1SATUnikEo0S3AEJl3+2Q5ygaEhH44gXT175xTyqMXwmS09OkVX7RP11M0ZW55c3v+adhzNNrAQhD3aZnAJ2Wnedsf+aRH6IvBkCx6jAcD90jR739ua+3SZR+8sbgcBj83CjBm7Em1sSSb3mcVgmTwc0EKaTQwbk49YwIDAQAB
mail._domainkey.umich.eduk=rsa;p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDeMVIzrCa3T14JsNY0IRv5/2V1/v2itlviLQBwXsa7shBD6TrBkswsFUToPyMRWC9tbR/5ey0nRBH0ZVxp+lsmTxid2Y2z+FApQ6ra2VsXfbJP3HE6wAO0YTVEJt1TmeczhEd2Jiz/fcabIISgXEdSpTYJhb0ct0VJRxcg4c8c7wIDAQAB

Related IP addresses

IPv4 addresses used by umich.edu: website, name servers, mail servers and senders authorized by SPF.

IP addressUsed for/24 block
162.159.140.37Website162.159.140.0/24
172.66.0.37Website172.66.0.0/24
3.224.111.90Name server dns4.umich.org3.224.111.0/24
192.12.80.222Name server dns2.itd.umich.edu192.12.80.0/24
192.12.80.214Name server dns1.itd.umich.edu192.12.80.0/24
18.233.1.143Name server dns3.umich.org18.233.1.0/24
3.20.94.70Mail server mx2.a.mail.umich.edu3.20.94.0/24
44.228.1.186Mail server mx1.a.mail.umich.edu44.228.1.0/24

WHOIS of the domain umich.edu

This Registry database contains ONLY .EDU domains.
The data in the EDUCAUSE Whois database is provided
by EDUCAUSE for information purposes in order to
assist in the process of obtaining information about
or related to .edu domain registration records.

The EDUCAUSE Whois database is authoritative for the
.EDU domain.

A Web interface for the .EDU EDUCAUSE Whois Server is
available at: http://whois.educause.edu

By submitting a Whois query, you agree that this information
will not be used to allow, enable, or otherwise support
the transmission of unsolicited commercial advertising or
solicitations via e-mail.  The use of electronic processes to
harvest information from this server is generally prohibited
except as reasonably necessary to register or modify .edu
domain names.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Domain Name: UMICH.EDU

Registrant:
	University of Michigan -- ITD
	ITCS, Arbor Lakes
	4251 Plymouth Road
	Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2785
	USA

Administrative Contact:
	Domain Admin
	University of Michigan
	ITS, Arbor Lakes
	4251 Plymouth Road
	Ann Arbor, MI 48105-3640
	USA
	+1.7347641817
	[email protected]

Technical Contact:
	 
	University of Michigan
	ITS, Arbor Lakes
	4251 Plymouth Road
	Ann Arbor, MI 48105-3640
	USA
	+1.7347641817
	[email protected]

Name Servers:
	DNS1.ITD.UMICH.EDU
	DNS2.ITD.UMICH.EDU
	DNS4.UMICH.ORG
	DNS3.UMICH.ORG

Domain record activated:    07-Oct-1985
Domain record last updated: 11-Feb-2026
Domain expires:             31-Jul-2027

% Query time: 551 msec
% WHEN: Thu Oct 01 19:17:15 UTC 2026