Dataweaz

github.com

Summary

Registrar
MarkMonitor Inc.
Status
clientDeleteProhibited
Created on
October 9, 2007
Expires on
October 9, 2028
Name servers
ns-520.awsdns-01.net, ns-421.awsdns-52.com, dns4.p08.nsone.net, ns-1283.awsdns-32.org, ns-1707.awsdns-21.co.uk, dns3.p08.nsone.net, dns2.p08.nsone.net, dns1.p08.nsone.net
Mail servers
github-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
SPF
Soft

Spoofing protection (DMARC)

Quarantine

E-mails spoofing this domain are sent to spam.

DMARC tells mail servers what to do with an e-mail that claims to come from github.com but fails SPF and DKIM checks.

Policy
Quarantine
Subdomain policy
Reject
Messages covered
100%
DKIM alignment
Relaxed
SPF alignment
Relaxed
Aggregate reports
[email protected]
Failure reports
[email protected]

Record

v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; sp=reject; pct=100; rua=mailto:[email protected]; ruf=mailto:[email protected]; fo=1

Authorized senders (SPF)

Soft

E-mails sent by any other server are accepted but flagged as suspicious.

SPF lists the servers allowed to send e-mails for github.com.

RuleValueResult
ip4192.30.252.0/22Allowed
includespf.protection.outlook.comAllowed
include_netblocks.google.comAllowed
include_netblocks2.google.comAllowed
includemail.zendesk.comAllowed
include_spf.salesforce.comAllowed
includeservers.mcsv.netAllowed
includemktomail.comAllowed
includesendgrid.netAllowed
ip462.253.227.114Allowed
ip4166.78.69.169Allowed
ip4166.78.69.170Allowed
ip4166.78.71.131Allowed
all—Suspicious

Top-level DNS lookups: 8 of 10 allowed

Record

v=spf1 ip4:192.30.252.0/22 include:spf.protection.outlook.com include:_netblocks.google.com include:_netblocks2.google.com include:mail.zendesk.com include:_spf.salesforce.com include:servers.mcsv.net include:mktomail.com include:sendgrid.net ip4:62.253.227.114 ip4:166.78.69.169 ip4:166.78.69.170 ip4:166.78.71.131 ~all

E-mail signing (DKIM)

DKIM keys published by github.com under the most common selectors. Other keys may exist under selectors specific to each sending service.

SelectorLikely serviceKeyStatus
googleGoogle WorkspaceRSA 2048 bitsActive
selector1Microsoft 365RSA 1024 bits · shortActive
k1MailchimpRSA 1024 bits · shortActive
k2MailchimpRSA 2048 bitsActive
k3MailchimpRSA 2048 bitsActive
s1SendGridRSA 2048 bitsActive
s2SendGridRSA 2048 bitsActive
zendesk1ZendeskRSA 2048 bitsActive
zendesk2ZendeskRSA 2048 bitsActive

RSA keys shorter than 2048 bits, called short keys, are discouraged: they are easier to break.

MX, SPF, DKIM and DMARC: the e-mail records

Four DNS records make a domain's e-mail work. MX says where e-mails sent to github.com arrive; SPF, DKIM and DMARC let mail servers check that an e-mail claiming to come from github.com was really sent by this domain, which protects it against spoofing.

MX

An MX (Mail Exchanger) record designates a server that receives e-mails sent to the domain. When someone writes to an @github.com address, their mail server queries the DNS for the domain's MX records, then delivers the message to the server they point to.

Example record

github.com  MX  10 mx1.github.com.
github.com  MX  20 mx2.github.com.

What the record contains

10, 20
Priority: the server with the lowest number is tried first. Servers with equal priority share the load.
mx1.github.com.
Host name of the mail server. It must point to an A or AAAA record: an IP address or an alias (CNAME) is not allowed here.
0 .
An MX "0 .", called a null MX, declares that the domain accepts no e-mail: sending servers give up at once instead of retrying.

Declaring at least two servers with different priorities avoids losing e-mails during an outage: sending servers retry for several days and fall back on the backup server. Without any MX, they try to deliver directly to the IP address of the domain.

SPF

SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is a TXT record listing the servers allowed to send e-mails on behalf of the domain. The receiving server checks that the sender is on this list. The final "all" rule says what to do with other servers: reject them (-all), flag their e-mails as suspicious (~all) or make no decision (?all).

Example record

github.com  TXT  "v=spf1 mx include:_spf.google.com ip4:192.0.2.10 -all"

What the record contains

v=spf1
Identifies the record as an SPF policy. It must come first.
ip4, ip6
Allows a specific IP address or an address range, for example ip4:192.0.2.0/24.
a, mx
Allows the addresses of the domain itself (A record) or those of its mail servers (MX).
include
Allows the servers of another domain, usually a sending service: include:_spf.google.com for Google Workspace.
-all, ~all
Final rule, applied to every other server. Its qualifier decides what happens to them: - rejects them, ~ flags their e-mails as suspicious, ? makes no decision, + accepts them (avoid it).

A domain must publish only one SPF record, and its evaluation cannot exceed 10 DNS lookups (include, a, mx, exists, redirect). Beyond that, mail servers treat it as invalid.

DKIM

DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) signs every outgoing e-mail with a private key. The matching public key is published in a TXT record at selector._domainkey.github.com, so the recipient can check that the message really comes from the domain and was not altered on the way. The selector is chosen by each sending service and cannot be guessed: Dataweaz checks the most common ones (Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Mailchimp, SendGrid…), so a key published under another selector may exist without appearing here.

Example record

google._domainkey.github.com  TXT  "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA…"

What the record contains

v=DKIM1
Protocol version. Optional but recommended, in which case it must come first.
k
Key algorithm: rsa, the most common, or ed25519.
p
Public key, base64-encoded. An empty value means the key has been revoked.
t
Flags: y marks a key in testing, whose failures must not be penalized; s forbids its use for subdomains.

Each sending service publishes its key under its own selector (google, selector1, k1…), which allows several keys and seamless rotation. A 2048-bit RSA key is recommended today.

DMARC

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance) builds on SPF and DKIM. Published on _dmarc.github.com, it tells mail servers what to do with an e-mail that fails these checks (let it through, send it to spam or reject it) and where to send reports.

Example record

_dmarc.github.com  TXT  "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:[email protected]; adkim=r; aspf=r"

What the record contains

v=DMARC1
Identifies the record as a DMARC policy. It must come first.
p
Policy applied to e-mails that fail the checks: none (monitoring only), quarantine (spam folder) or reject.
sp
Subdomain policy. Without it, subdomains follow the domain's policy.
rua
Address that receives daily aggregate reports about e-mails sent on behalf of the domain, whether they pass the checks or not.
ruf
Address that receives detailed failure reports, message by message. Few providers still send them.
pct
Percentage of e-mails subject to the policy, for a gradual rollout. 100 by default.
adkim, aspf
DKIM and SPF alignment: r (relaxed, a subdomain of the same domain is enough) or s (strict, the domain must be identical).

To roll out DMARC without blocking legitimate e-mails, start with p=none and an rua address, analyze the reports to find every service sending on behalf of the domain, then move to quarantine and finally to reject.

DNS records of github.com

IP addresses (A and AAAA)

An A record maps the domain name to an IPv4 address: the address of the server that browsers contact to display the website. The AAAA record does the same for an IPv6 address. A domain can have several of them to spread visits across several servers.

TypeIP address
A140.82.121.3

Name servers (NS)

NS records designate the authoritative DNS servers of the domain: they answer every question about its other records (A, MX, TXT…). They are provided by the registrar, the hosting provider or a dedicated DNS service, and several servers are declared so that the domain keeps working if one of them fails.

ServerIP address
ns-520.awsdns-01.net205.251.194.8
ns-421.awsdns-52.com205.251.193.165
dns4.p08.nsone.net198.51.45.72
ns-1283.awsdns-32.org205.251.197.3
ns-1707.awsdns-21.co.uk205.251.198.171
dns3.p08.nsone.net198.51.44.72
dns2.p08.nsone.net198.51.45.8
dns1.p08.nsone.net198.51.44.8

Mail servers (MX)

MX records point to the servers that receive e-mails sent to the domain, that is to @github.com addresses. Each server has a priority: the one with the lowest number is tried first, the others take over if it fails. Without an MX record, the domain cannot receive e-mails.

PriorityServerIP address
0github-com.mail.protection.outlook.com52.101.10.2

TXT records

TXT records hold free text. They are used to prove ownership of the domain to online services (Google, Microsoft, Facebook…) and to publish e-mail security rules: SPF on the domain itself, DMARC on _dmarc.github.com.

NameContent
github.comkrisp-domain-verification=ZlyiK7XLhnaoUQb2hpak1PLY7dFkl1WE
github.comfacebook-domain-verification=39xu4jzl7roi7x0n93ldkxjiaarx50
github.comgoogle-site-verification=UTM-3akMgubp6tQtgEuAkYNYLyYAvpTnnSrDMWoDR3o
github.comserval-domain-verification-ydryhj=qbkiEakpwEpTvHh5fIiCqtaue
github.comcursor-domain-verification-gtfwmt=1rfLOtiTngX5QSxD5HvNKTvm3
github.comopenai-domain-verification=dv-3nh33eQwdkotMIAzLrIDVZo1
github.comapple-domain-verification=RyQhdzTl6Z6x8ZP4
github.comMS=ms44452932
github.comcalendly-site-verification=at0DQARi7IZvJtXQAWhMqpmIzpvoBNF7aam5VKKxP
github.comjamf-site-verification=XtaPNIYghF_e_xRDI8CjgQ
github.comgoogle-site-verification=82Le34Flgtd15ojYhHlGF_6g72muSjamlMVThBOJpks
github.comatlassian-domain-verification=jjgw98AKv2aeoYFxiL/VFaoyPkn3undEssTRuMg6C/3Fp/iqhkV4HVV7WjYlVeF8
github.commiro-verification=d2e174fdb00c71e0bcf58f8e58c3da2dd80dcfa9
github.comshopify-verification-code=t1YPwcmvnxZyBycaCpk1MPyWoFs72o
github.comdocusign=087098e3-3d46-47b7-9b4e-8a23028154cd
github.comTAILSCALE-xOzoDvFUzZr5YYVCQFuD
github.comMS=ms58704441
github.comadobe-idp-site-verification=b92c9e999aef825edc36e0a3d847d2dbad5b2fc0e05c79ddd7a16139b48ecf4b
github.comv=spf1 ip4:192.30.252.0/22 include:spf.protection.outlook.com include:_netblocks.google.com include:_netblocks2.google.com include:mail.zendesk.com include:_spf.salesforce.com include:servers.mcsv.net include:mktomail.com include:sendgrid.net ip4:62.253.227.114 ip4:166.78.69.169 ip4:166.78.69.170 ip4:166.78.71.131 ~all
github.comanthropic-domain-verification-4az7qn=if8YWuRRqwLycGJDooumzHtxm
github.comloom-site-verification=f3787154f1154b7880e720a511ea664d
github.com00Dd0000000hHE0=1TBKg000000TN2r
github.comMS=6BF03E6AF5CB689E315FB6199603BABF2C88D805
github.comstripe-verification=f88ef17321660a01bab1660454192e014defa29ba7b8de9633c69d6b4912217f
_dmarc.github.comv=DMARC1; p=quarantine; sp=reject; pct=100; rua=mailto:[email protected]; ruf=mailto:[email protected]; fo=1
google._domainkey.github.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAj6T5sl/RwdSqGoYWaWaFbS2UAeyPrEmd0gogocmRfS441qwR8/0KB81Hw89P0l4YiFRrXYk7NVIGfyCRHAYYZUzCkGeOysI2EjgzLFhd/NEsbRzOEc/kWkK/RO6JFq/5lOn6M9AZw/ap9tds4JG9ApgNNdSpPxp9DmvpsOSgNMVflRxQFrk3kdS4RNAPKu/OPoA7dlR/A/pECryjRoYgENtDXzdnK70HgCekems6UDzxDj61cjyoKoXtEMF/QsaHEQ1Gjfv014rDJBsubk/kT5VqHkWHa/ia68Z5r228Ety/wFfQNjXTx/J7KGZ9GkZlKED659eiJcLnWcKDSiQlhwIDAQAB
selector1._domainkey.github.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCxZC/z2cK+2s1f/ktzSDSeFzkfIHrjwtGFsfKMAYvKaXjPVNzKykpbXBkX5nB7dVUTFttda7aROr2iSrIseQ27Ui+4rUZVzgFanE8RaXhYM9n5wPKNv8GtLJk7JgcsYZ7ErgID4uW2sEYyV/dnRYw6rDzOaeRKkKELTUfJI5ebLQIDAQAB;
k1._domainkey.github.comk=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDbNrX2cY/GUKIFx2G/1I00ftdAj713WP9AQ1xir85i89sA2guU0ta4UX1Xzm06XIU6iBP41VwmPwBGRNofhBVR+e6WHUoNyIR4Bn84LVcfZE20rmDeXQblIupNWBqLXM1Q+VieI/eZu/7k9/vOkLSaQQdml4Cv8lb3PcnluMVIhQIDAQAB;
k2._domainkey.github.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAv2aC2KjGKLOwTweBY5A9RpjsxaBXR9r7OAU6U8/zn92ivImI75naUujWbItRI/QmL1jy5PWGqLwoUA0b90ObWaLDc+i9MtTNmGeWO009hr20fIxhGg6XBT2kjZ1DTThopSe1nAndsupmcBwlQ5Q6LJ+ZAxLcujnPIxM0ZBLmgpkv8u6RfY4eFP8OLvdAW3oSuB0DyLDigQX4Sj8wBO4YIdQH6AAmBeOsidsKAFNFUCpc3vCxtBDR12U+cBg724l3sBkMQ8evnz6idnqxq9QAVYh8k4kJ+RP+6cqTdy7LjIm8xY/bQNpQIpGUAuDo2DjLcCDun9DAI4Q/3z+Q0o9QuQIDAQAB;
k3._domainkey.github.comv=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAsYGiMSn7fsUqSvfSX40x9R1OlRtbNiCY80lHRIlcKx3XDIR7257aUx+q9CSIARdfTL6KCuLGNFx5g9TgVr6png4ajcieSQGtOehBgxnkDN8aAA5TX0FmFrcefJU0JoxLOF09EKgXxhSSHCk/ekVb0PXSboHXoZ9+EI404F1qhcwXXIgHXTaUthHTut2P6BBZhIXIgvDe/w49GchR7MRJqjNb7neEBbYHbgWuBTvvHCg7Gy6m6n9krYK+ROWq3dVvXy9plAGK3ygM+HtjIiMt7arRGMOF0WgDTz7YdN9BGpt6BvXxLnjiQcgS5T9n+cIyPZgiWzDMXNlaEEdKTEKxrwIDAQAB;
s1._domainkey.github.comk=rsa; t=s; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyn3fMCVpb7ryIRKOGXhXVGYmsWUitNlSckqGHOwNFZgFadplOrD+Qzf1XQkP7MH/VB/97DsAAJGtEXW1Uq71Hjnfr/DuBN/YfjF/gU70qEFb7q1sdIiNtjFL2TkOpoW+X/bhhPNheW/fYwyFb6ZHFM6LTgXyuimWRHTOUP3VjZzhNVda79nt+2WZYbS4l8HdMgWpTNHjpVw5PtXESA9KBg/evSRk5fIaXIX5eRXW3baoV9yVzD8O29/IL/DiSk+yNvaO0EHL5c4yGuZJhGzvpiznb2IDVdemJK4Dqzdy5FTN/SGYZhAEr7MguG3Z314hMS2scgMsOMgB64uj/6+6UwIDAQAB
s2._domainkey.github.comk=rsa; t=s; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAnNt2/H6bKs99C6DAaokPp62KN9mKaD20D1PBakkObejkJvzM6Un/fKHPeI2/qXdvFFBPQE3mxMNoe+hwBVDgMgCuZEn8J6gZYI4amITure9/ny6+GaNVRoH2m6xAtWwKINkKxMayGiehkWlRVb7D23F0U8y+VDHKQFz1bnXA5jDpcDiMXy8i2lV5vEys+qt+1WGhDKCAwamT8c3xkZz8aXMJaXYCiN2HMgHDU81+mVCk4+u6mY+a98APVfFhsQ0KCq/mVZXaXTV06QrG9M5PtBHUFW7VtwXKp+AFrAut0KW1NnwaA5IGA5sc+n9dma7bSqdfGS+ixdSmJ69NwmYSHwIDAQAB
zendesk1._domainkey.github.comv=DKIM1;t=s;n=core;k=rsa;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA9IqdLrO3Zr2/56MHt8oQVCQorP0Bl2Fz9sM2tFBnJCdB/HogQmuudEg2xAovCN2PYpw44UijIvPuBoT9vxiv6ZCBJTLJXa82r6ke5rE4tbe9NKFIrVIb9S306cJDrnKFMDb8p0dU/Su0+eUR5gVAOtCuz2L8HAzs5edvsEvD/Fb4ny1RLNSEPZkIQLfGhVxQeWANm3+1Jwb/OBVXV9k0nKpWrpgqcmO7NzroJirp014RQY7rGi60JLUubc6XhvoFQBQrtOAdVlZC5wvfS1bgpq5kQpdP7cajIqWCeqxPTeo0ZUpey2ZcaygEsZz0Z3Gs5wDzyuqd7/ADpr2jNF7ozwIDAQAB
zendesk2._domainkey.github.comv=DKIM1; t=s; n=core; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmiSFNkgXrO3I8aOaPONDZWHv027rkiGIwb838OyXPgvFDEkCV/qGcdXSjZnaVAadrTm/oKnL8WOltP9zB1FLEuKt0fTi5zRyKPE4oIYCnEzXwrGqzjUcCABQBawQVqvXjDOaYh9Lhp8W5PYOLo905vRW7ipyIMDhuzBOJls91/WWXnNK0OwP3RghiisZjA3K2KqtRwf7w6GjNeNuAMNhvcmgAN15d/mhK+dev/hcRbal66RoYyTD8c0F0isahWH0envEX8aj+SBhheNk0/U37dGE+4nFaY5yP9CUlYjFKDSIKZgHzG4Hci3t/RubU58pi6BCrQQdAFvIOeDFeCZ0ywIDAQAB

Related IP addresses

IPv4 addresses used by github.com: website, name servers, mail servers and senders authorized by SPF.

IP addressUsed for/24 block
140.82.121.3Website140.82.121.0/24
205.251.194.8Name server ns-520.awsdns-01.net205.251.194.0/24
205.251.193.165Name server ns-421.awsdns-52.com205.251.193.0/24
198.51.45.72Name server dns4.p08.nsone.net198.51.45.0/24
205.251.197.3Name server ns-1283.awsdns-32.org205.251.197.0/24
205.251.198.171Name server ns-1707.awsdns-21.co.uk205.251.198.0/24
198.51.44.72Name server dns3.p08.nsone.net198.51.44.0/24
198.51.45.8Name server dns2.p08.nsone.net198.51.45.0/24
198.51.44.8Name server dns1.p08.nsone.net198.51.44.0/24
52.101.10.2Mail server github-com.mail.protection.outlook.com52.101.10.0/24
62.253.227.114Authorized by SPF62.253.227.0/24
166.78.69.169Authorized by SPF166.78.69.0/24
166.78.69.170Authorized by SPF166.78.69.0/24
166.78.71.131Authorized by SPF166.78.71.0/24

WHOIS of the domain github.com

Domain Name: GITHUB.COM
   Registry Domain ID: 1264983250_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
   Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.markmonitor.com
   Registrar URL: http://www.markmonitor.com
   Updated Date: 2026-09-07T09:22:52Z
   Creation Date: 2007-10-09T18:20:50Z
   Registry Expiry Date: 2028-10-09T18:20:50Z
   Registrar: MarkMonitor Inc.
   Registrar IANA ID: 292
   Registrar Abuse Contact Email: [email protected]
   Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.2086851750
   Domain Status: clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited
   Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
   Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited
   Name Server: DNS1.P08.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: DNS2.P08.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: DNS3.P08.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: DNS4.P08.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: NS-1283.AWSDNS-32.ORG
   Name Server: NS-1707.AWSDNS-21.CO.UK
   Name Server: NS-421.AWSDNS-52.COM
   Name Server: NS-520.AWSDNS-01.NET
   DNSSEC: unsigned
   URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2026-09-30T23:29:58Z <<<

For more information on Whois status codes, please visit https://icann.org/epp

NOTICE: The expiration date displayed in this record is the date the
registrar's sponsorship of the domain name registration in the registry is
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